Formulas for Design of Rubble Mound Breakwater: A Comprehensive Overview

Rubble mound breakwaters have been a popular choice for coastal protection around the world, accounting for more than half of all breakwater constructions. The success of this type of structure can be attributed to its ability to withstand wave energy and provide flexible repair options in the event of damage. In this article, we will delve into the design principles and formulas used to construct rubble mound breakwaters.

At the heart of a rubble mound breakwater is a heterogeneous trapezoidal structure composed of quarried rocks in the core, covered by artificial armor units at the outer layer. These armor units are designed to absorb most of the wave energy, while under-layers prevent the transmission of energy further into the structure. This innovative design allows for flexible response to changing wave conditions and minimizes damage.

The selection of rocks used in rubble mound breakwaters is a critical aspect of their design. Depending on factors such as rock availability, water depth, geotechnical properties of the sea bed, and functional requirements, breakwaters can be classified into three main categories: rubble mound breakwaters, caisson type, and composite breakwaters.

In addition to providing coastal protection, rubble mound breakwaters play a crucial role in creating tranquility within and around harbors. By reducing wave energy, these structures enable smooth transactions of ships and facilitate economic activities in the region. Breakwaters are offshore structures designed to protect coastal and port structures from uncertain and extreme wave conditions, ensuring the safety and efficiency of maritime operations.

In conclusion, rubble mound breakwaters are a reliable and versatile solution for coastal protection, requiring careful consideration of design principles and formulas to ensure their effectiveness. By understanding the underlying mechanics of these structures, engineers can create durable and sustainable solutions that benefit both the environment and human communities.

Formulas for design of rubble mound breakwater